Biol 130 First Midterm Notes Free Essays

Unit 1 †Introduction to the Cell Robert Hooke †constructed the primary magnifying instrument (30x amplification); saw cuts of plug called cellula (little rooms). Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek †worked with glass immense improvement in nature of focal points almost 300x amplification got conceivable first to watch: * single-celled living beings â€Å"animalcules† * protists from lake water * microorganisms from his mouth †â€Å"father of microbiology† * platelets * grouped example in muscle cells * sperm from †¦ 1830s †Compound magnifying instrument †improved amplification and goals and permitted perception of items under 1 ? . 1000-1500x amplification Beginning of Cell Theory Robert Brown (botanist) †saw that each plant cell contained a round structure called it ‘kernel’-core Matthias Schleiden (another botanist) †all plant tissues are made out of cells; undeveloped plant consistently emerged from a solitary cell Theodor Schwann (zoologist) †comparable perceptions in creature cells; acknowledgment of basic similitudes btw plants and creatures! * Cell Theory detailed by Schwann Cell Theory 1. We will compose a custom paper test on Biol 130 First Midterm Notes or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now all creatures comprise of at least one cells 2. he cell is the essential unit of structure for all living beings 3. included 20 years after the fact: all cells emerge just from prior cells truth (logical) †an endeavor to express our best current understanding, in light of perceptions and experiments(valid just until reexamined or supplanted) Steps in Scientific Method 1. mention objective facts 2. utilize inductive thinking to create speculative clarification (theory) 3. make expectations dependent on your speculation 4. mention further objective facts or structure and complete controlled trials to test your theory 5. nterpret your outcomes to check whether they bolster your speculation Theory †a speculation that has been tried fundamentally under a wide range of conditions andby a wide range of specialists . utilizing a wide range of approaches. When a clarification is viewed as a hypothesis it is broadly acknowledged by most researchers in the cell * the â€Å"solid grou nd† of science: advancement, germ hypothesis, cell hypothesis *If a hypothesis is completely tried and affirmed over numerous years by such huge quantities of examiners that there is no uncertainty of its legitimacy †¦ it might inevitably be viewed as a law. Gravity, laws of thermodynamics, laws that administer conduct of gases ‘Strands’ of Cell Biology 13 cytology 1600s Hooke takes a gander at plug Leeuwenhoek takes a gander at loads of things 1800s Brown notes cores bio-science union of urea in lab aging done by cells! glycolysis Krebs cycle each cell originates from a cell Schleiden Schwann define cell hypothesis electron microscopy stains colors hereditary qualities Mendel, pea plants DNA chromosomes chromosome hypothesis 1930s DNA twofold helix DNA sequencing Dolly the sheep! nano-innovation! hereditary code Light Microscopy: Brilliant field †light goes through example, differentiate is moderate and example is difficult to see Phase differentiate †differentiate is changed by changing light in magnifying instrument DIC †utilizes optical adjustments to change differentiate among cell and foundation †because of thickness differential Staining †stain used to imagine cell and parts, just a few stains can be utilized on living cells 14 splendid field stage differentiate DIC impeccable (sperm cells) recolored platelets tissue †small digestive tract Fluorescent Microscopy †fluorescent colors tie to protein or DNA to see where they are in cells †tracks development Electron Microscopy(Scanning Transmission): SEM †examine surface of example to shape picture by distinguishing electrons from external surface. Great surface pictures TEM †structures picture from electrons going through example accordingly fine subtleties of inside organelles 16 SEM TEM Basic Properties of Cells: * are profoundly intricate and sorted out * iotas atoms macromolecules (organelles ) encased in plasma layer * utilize the equivalent ‘genetic program’ Central Dogma * DNA RNA protein * are fit for imitating themselves * should initially repeat hereditary material obtain and use vitality (â€Å"bioenergetics†) and complete an assortment of synthetic responses (â€Å"cellular metabolism†) * have numerous procedures that are exceptionally monitored at the sub-atomic level * film structure, hereditary code, ATP blending chemicals, actin fibers, eukaryotic flagella, †¦ * participate in numerous mechanical exercises * transport of materials in/out, inside * get together and dismant ling of structures * motility/development * react to ecological signs * move away or toward upgrades * react to hormones, development factors, and so on * are equipped for self-regulationâ€Å"homeostasis† most clear when control frameworks separate; absconds in DNA replication, DNA fix, cell cycle control Two Classes of Cells †karyon = core Prokaryotic Cells: absence of core, NO CYTOSKELETON(very little), layer bound organelles. For the most part unicellular. Microorganisms and Archaea. Single, roundabout strand of DNA(fewer proteins). Cell divider notwithstanding PM 1-10 uM in width. 2 sorts: 1. Eubacteria †all have cells dividers aside from mycoplasma(resistant to anti-infection agents that target cell divider blend). Mycoplasma(smallest) Cyanobacteria (biggest and generally perplexing). 2. Archaeabacteria †all have cell dividers and are known as extermophiles, possess wide scope of living spaces, halophiles=salty, acidophiles=acid, thermophiles= hot. Eukaryotic Cells: 10x bigger than prokaryotic cells, layer bound core/organelles. Increasingly perplexing DNA because of histones/proteins. 4 gatherings: 1. Protists-exceptionally different gathering †for the most part single cells; green growth, water molds, sludge molds, protozoa 2. Growths †single cell(yeast) or multi-cellular(mushrooms) and have cell dividers. Heterotrophs; rely upon outside wellspring of natural mixes 3. Plant cells-multi-cell and have cell dividers. . Creatures multi-cell, no cell dividers and are heterotrophs Cytoplasm †everything between plasma film and atomic layer, incorporates all film bound organelles (aside from core) Cytosol †just liquid segment Endomembrane framework †inside layers that are either in direct contact or associated by means of move of vesicles (sac s of film). counting: atomic envelope/layer, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi device, lysosomes, vacuoles Nucleus †stores hereditary data Endomembrane System †makes intracellular compartments with various capacities. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER; harsh, smooth), Golgi mechanical assembly, lysosomes. Mitochondria †produce vitality to control the phone Chloroplasts †catch vitality from daylight, convert to starch Cytoskeleton †directs cell shape, developments of materials inside the phone, development of the phone itself Flow of Traffic in EMS †Rough ER: amalgamation of proteins for †send out (emission) †addition into films †lysosomes Golgi mechanical assembly: assortment, bundling circulation Lysosomes * cell ‘stomachs’ have compounds that can process †¦ * each of the 4 classes of natural macromolecules destroyed organelles (mitochondria supplanted at regular intervals) * material brought into cell by Phagocytosis †plasma layer inundates littler atom and afterward called phagosome. Lysosome takes it in and digests, little particles are discharges into the cytoplasm. Autophagy †lysosome processes a harmed organelle, little particles are di scharged into cytosol. mitochondria (every single eukaryotic cell) and chloroplasts (plant cells): * contain DNA that encodes a few (yet not the entirety) of their own proteins * have unordinary twofold layers of films Source of Eukaryotic Cells: Endosymbiont Theory * once accepted that eukaryotes developed progressively, organelles turning out to be increasingly more mind boggling * now acknowledged that early eukaryotes started as predators * certain organelles (mitochondria, chloroplasts) advanced from littler prokaryotes overwhelmed by bigger cell * later chloroplasts and the capacity to perform photosynthesis Symbiosis †Mutual Advantage bit of leeway to have cell: * oxygen consuming breath (vigorous microbes mitochondria) * photosynthesis (cyanobacteria chloroplasts) bit of leeway to microorganisms: * shielded condition gracefully of carbon mixes from have cell’s other prey Evidence Supporting Endosymbiont Theory mitochondria and chloroplasts †¦ * are comparable size to microscopic organisms, repeated by parting like microscopic organisms * have twofold layers, reliable with inundating system * have their own ribosomes, which look like those of prokaryotes as opposed to eukary otes as far as size, piece and affectability to anti-toxins * have their own genomes, which are composed like those of microscopic organisms to wrap things up: * are hereditarily like proposed ‘parent’ microorganisms as opposed to ukaryotic cells Cytoskeleton significant in: * cell shape * cell motility * development/position of organelles * development of materials inside cell * development of chromosomes during mitosis Cytoplasm in a living cell is never static * cytoskeleton is continually being dismantled and remade * organelles and vesicles are dashing to and fro * can cross the phone in ~ 1 second * unattached proteins moving haphazardly, yet quickly * can visit each side of the phone inside a couple of moments * substance of cytosol are in steady warm movement Basic to all cells: * specifically penetrable plasma layer * hereditary code; system of interpretation and interpretation * ATP for the exchange of vitality and metabolic pathways Model Organisms 45 Unit 2a †Intro to Cellular Chemistry Most Common Elements in Living Organisms: * C H O N †make up 96% †likewise P and S are regular too * Exist as mind boggling macromolecules

Job Book Essays - Book Of Job, Eliphaz, Job, Satan, Bildad, Zophar

Employment Book The Book of Job isn't just a story, however a tale, rich with significance and exercises to be scholarly. I secured Position to be one of the most fascinating records with regards to the Bible, particularly on the grounds that it endeavors to defend human misery and the methods of the Lord. I can't help suspecting that the thought started things out, and a story was found to fit it, or one was made up, however that the whole explanation behind the Book of Job to be remembered for the Bible is for its motivation in instructing us that we should persevere what inconveniences we are given, since it is the Will of God. I have numerous inquiries about this book, none of which can be effectively replied by anybody living today: Who composed this story, and how could they realize what occurred in paradise? Did they simply observe Job enduring his misfortunes, possibly to recover them ten times when his confidence didn't turn? These are just a couple of my considerations as I read Job, yet in general, I thought that it was an intriguing story that I needed to investigate in detail, and that is why I decided to compose on it. Employment was an exemplary man who lived in Uz with his seven children and three little girls. He possessed 7,000 sheep, 3,000 camels, 500 burdens of bulls, 500 jackasses and numerous slaves. Each year, he held a feast where Job would have every one of his youngsters decontaminated, for dread that they may have trespassed and reviled God in their souls. On the day that the holy messengers came to confirm before God, God called attention to the blaming heavenly attendant (Satan) how honorable and deferential Job was to Him. Satan asserted that Job's activities and character started with insidious and self-serving thought processes: Job is so honorable and deferential in light of the fact that he has no motivation to act in any case, yet on the off chance that God were to give him difficulty, he would revile the name of the Lord. Satan challenges God to test Job, and hesitantly, God acknowledges. Here, we see Satan goading the Ruler, who should be all-powerful and knowledgable about everything, into testing one of his steadfast workers for reasons unknown other than to demonstrate his steadfastness. This clarifies why God some of the time strikes down the upright for no obvious explanation, however it additionally makes us question whether God really has our wellbeing on a basic level. God appears to have the character of a little youngster here, needing to maintain his name, to show Satan that he can as well demonstrate that Occupation is unwavering. On Earth, Job was blasted with hardship. Every one of his youngsters kicked the bucket of some catastrophe, his creatures were either taken or struck by lightning. Employment didn't revile God, he supported the demonstration, what God gives, He can likewise remove. He boasted to Satan about how dependable and upright his worker Job was, similar to the little youngster we considered him to be previously. Once more, Satan pushed God on, asserting that Job was as yet loyal and exemplary in light of the fact that he had not been influenced legitimately by God's test. He convinces God to test Job again. This time, Job's wellbeing is wrecked in a most alarming structure. Occupation is secured in bubbles from head to toe so severely, that he utilizes a bit of broken ceramics to scratch the dead substance off with. Now, Job's confidence in the Lord is tried by his better half, who asked why he is still so dedicated to God. As we as a whole know, the hardest piece of confidence is to accept when others around you don't, and can persuade you that they are correct while you are incorrect. All things considered, Job reprimanded his spouse and wouldn't sin. Employment had three companions: Eliphaz the Temanite, Bildad the Shuhite, and Zophar the Namathite. These three companions knew about what happened to Occupation and came to offer their compassion and sorrow. After about seven days of petitions, Occupation at long last separated and reviled the day he was conceived. He asked why life ought to be given to an individual who wants just demise, who has stopped to discover any esteem throughout everyday life, who has lost all expectation of getaway from consistent dread and torment. His companions answer him in a progression of three adjusts, the first being the generally noteworthy of the three. Eliphaz addressed him first, saying that Job helped other people with empowering words however since the tables are turned, he eagerly surrendered. The

The Rapid Growth Of The World Populations Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

The quick developing of the universe populace prompts vitality request on an ascent especially in creating states. In add-on, because of the restricted capacity to give of non-inexhaustible there are a figure of tremendous difficulties that are presented to the number of inhabitants known to man. This situation prompts the risk of consumption of reasonable dodo vitality and natural contamination each piece great as clime adjustment. We will compose a custom article test on The Rapid Growth Of The World Populations Environmental Sciences Essay or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now Fitting to Loir, there will probably be adequate oil and gas during the current century, and coal for at least 2 ( Loir.N 2007, p.843 ) . Or on the other hand Edwin Cartlidge reports â€Å" the one-year whole ingestion of vitality beginnings by the universe populace is about 1.4ãâ€"1017 kWh, of which the extent of the dodo vitality has represented 90 % of the vitality beginnings utilized † ( Physics World 7/2007 ) . In this manner, inquire about specialists around the universe have been perpetually trying to happen answers for expand vitality beginnings and chop down hurtful spreads and nursery radiations into nature and sustainable power source beginnings have taken the spotlight. Subsequently, what is the sustainable power source? The Oxford Dictionary ( ) characterizes sustainable power source as normal vitality that can be utilized again and again and will ne’er run out. There are four significant sorts of sustainable power source: sun oriented, hydro, air present and geothermic vitality. This paper will talk favorable circumstances and detriments that sustainable power source asset ( RES ) brings, each piece great as investigation the significance of RES to the universe ‘s from now on. 2. Conversation of discoveries 2.1 Advantages of sustainable power source assets ( RES ) The use of sustainable power source has numerous potential advantages, including human presences and condition. Initial, one of the most importantA points of interest of inexhaustible energyA is that it is sustainable. Bit of RES is inference from normal systems so the vitality is reasonable and ne’er run out. Genuinely, sustainable power source is really of import and important to human presences when dodo energizes are increasingly more canine tired. With the unending gracefully of renewables, we would encounter secure when holding bounteous flexibly of vitality to last our planet, our human race and our monetary frameworks, for coevalss and ever. Khemani ( 2011 ) says: â€Å" Equally long as human life is at that place, there will be earth, Sun, air current and H2O, and the vitality from these beginnings will other than be accessible each piece long as they are at that place † . With the bounty from numerous sustainable assets and advancement of logical control and designing, he firmly accepts that sustainable power source can run into the universe ‘s vitality requests t oday and tomorrow. Second, another advantage of sustainable power source engineerings is that capacity of providing a stage of certainty of proceeded with power flexibly now and again when it in any case may be compromised. In certain fortunes, sustainable power source engineerings can be more reliable than different signifiers of power. For representation, sunlight based power frameworks can be utilized after tempests for reaction and recuperation. Sustainable power source engineerings, for example, generators fueled by photovoltaics ( PV ) can give power if the network comes up short. Frequently the Sun turns out in the prompt wake of an obliterating storm. It can take hebdomads to repair the power network and remake capacity to all customers. In the event that battery stockpiling is added to the framework, it can give power much after the Sun goes down or through a few overcast or turbulent yearss. Vitality is expected to flexibly lighting, warming, cooling, cookery, transport and toA powerA all the engineerings in the family spot or concern premises ( Parker 2010 ) Moreover, sustainable power source non simply is viewed as a boundless asset yet close to plays an of import capacity to local turn of events. Sustainable power source and vitality proficiency can help recover rustic networks. For representation, Wind turbines and sun based board frameworks can flexibly vitality and gracefully rustic networks with new income improvement net. Ranchers on blowy terrains can lease limitless to weave engineers, increasing 1000s of dollars for every turbine each twelvemonth. One of the best interchange vitality benefits is that it is such a great amount of preferable for condition over the utilization ofA dodo fills that add, as it were, to issues, for example, acerb downpour, brown haze and planetary warming. In actuality, sustainable power source has next to zero waste stocks, for example, C dioxide or other synthetic toxins. Sustainable power source frameworks produce a lot of lower C dioxide spreads rather than carbon-concentrated petroleum products, for example, oil, coal and flammable gas while they are being utilized simply a little whole of fuel during the manufacture of hardware ( Walser 2012 ) . With sustainable power sources, vitality is typically changed over starting with one signifier then onto the next without the innovative action of poisons. Chandler ( 2006 ) accepts sun based vitality as delineation, light vitality from the Sun can be changed over directly to power using photovoltaic without the creation of any contaminations like C dio xide or other nursery gasses. So also, air flow power vitality depends on voyaging air and changes over it into power without fouling the earth. Subsequently, clearly the non-contamination or least effects on condition are the positive favorable circumstances of sustainable power source. 2.2 Disadvantages of sustainable power source assets ( RES ) In spite of the fact that it is clear to recognize the homo each piece great as natural points of interest of utilizing inexhaustible signifiers of vitality, we should other than observe some confining sides from the vitality. The greatest drawback of sustainable power source is that the expense of the vitality is relatively higher than non-sustainable power source. The underlying expenses of sustainable power source despite everything do numerous individuals overlook it completely when contrasting it and petroleum derivative on two features: whole expense and over a similar clasp period. For representation, introducing of sunlight based vitality H2O hotter costs ordinarily in contrasting and a hotter, so they chose to buy warmers for hot H2O arrangement. Blending Global Wind Energy Council ( GWEC ) ( 2008 ) announced that turbine introducing costs $ 47.5 billion ; on the other hand, we simply need to pass an a lot littler total of cash to build thermic force station about $ 2,25 billion ( Shah 2011 ) . He other than pointed that other accidental costs, for example, care expenses and creation costs cause fiscal worth expanding. All around, it is financial worth that the ground has forestalled drawing neare r and using clean vitality when contrasted with the dodo fuel beginnings of vitality. Another recognizable drawback is confiding in unreasonably much on conditions and geographic areas to make vitality ( Sinclair 2011 ) . Every kind of inexhaustible beginnings is only more qualified to some topographic focuses. This implies you can non use every one of these inexhaustible beginnings in all areas. For case, while using geo-warm vitality, you should be in an area that gives the earth to geo-warm vitality to be created. Similarly, we can non deliver hydro-electric force without holding a quick streaming H2O starting, for example, a waterway or cascade. In add-on, the vitality other than brings some badly designed occupations. Take sun powered vitality H2O hotter as a delineation, it is wasteful on the grounds that in summer encompassing temperature are high and the utilization of sweltering H2O is non required ; all things considered, in the winter we could non hold blistering H2O because of low noticeable radiation of the Sun. Shah ( 2011 ) asserted that â€Å" regardless of the way that most sustainable power source beginnings are all the more ecologically neighborly they may in any case hold a negative effect on nature † . He expressed that hydroelectricity endeavors can do a sensational adjustment in the advancement of untamed life and biological system along the waterway and immersion perils. 2.3 Can sustainable power source flexibly the World ‘s vitality requests? With the significant advantages from sustainable power source, we ca n’t preclude that capacities from securing it are increasingly more of import. Orchestrating to Pulsinelli ( 2012 ) , regardless of the universe monetary emergency, China spent $ 52 billion on sustainable power source in 2011 and the United States was not far behind with investings of $ 51 billion. At present, sustainable power source contributes around 20 % in power devoured overall ( Perkowski 2012 ) . It is obvious that the two states, which took the caput in sustainable power source contributing, have known comprehensively out the significance of sustainable power source. Presents, by progresss and achievements of logical order and designing researchers are holding each affirmation in brilliant from now on of sustainable power source. Blending to the investigation of TheA Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) in 2011, inexhaustible beginnings involved around 13 for every centum of the univers e ‘s vitality in 2008 and the extent most likely to hold risen. The examination other than demonstrate out that inside four decennaries sustainable energyA could represent around 80 % of the world’sA vitality flexibly. The measurements are entirely showed up in the nearby from now on the off chance that we consolidate four boss substitute assets and use hydroelectric to make full in spreads, which makes simpler to fit interest. â€Å" the vast majority of import thing is to join sustainable power source beginnings into a bundle † ( refered to in BERGERON 2011 ) . Especially, in explore ( Edenhofer et al. 2011 ) shows that by 2050, geothermic vitality could run into more than 3 for every centum of planetary power request and around 5 for every centum of the planetary warmth request, hydropower will loan around 30 for each centum of overall power gracefully, air current force will go to more than 20 for each centum and sunlight based vitality gets one of the significant beginnings of vitality flexibly with around 15 for each centum. 3. Choice F

Research Study Proposal: Obesity in school-age Essay

As per the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2015), Obesity in young youngsters has expanded in the course of recent years to the measure of multiplying in a few and in any event, quadrupling in others. CDC insights appeared in 2012, at any rate 33% of the younger students were huge or hefty. Youth corpulence keeps on being a developing issue in the United States. School snacks assume a critical job in the weight issues confronting youngsters today. The school menus of today contain such a large number of calories from basic starches and fat. Dull vegetables rather than green verdant vegetables are served alongside food containing sodium levels higher than required for one’s day by day consumption. Youth weight can prompt medical problems if move isn't made quickly. This paper will give a concise synopsis of the issues of youth corpulence and spotlight on the job the school lunch dinners play on this developing emergency. Weight is characterized by the CDC (2015) as a person that has additional muscle versus fat in relationship to one’s stature. A simpler method to comprehend stoutness is the individual is taking in a greater number of calories than is being utilized. The wellbeing impacts of youth stoutness have both present moment or quick and long haul wellbeing impacts. Medical problems acquired further down the road are accepted to be connected to youth heftiness. Corpulent youngsters have a more noteworthy possibility of growing up to become grown-ups with medical problems, for example, coronary illness, hypertension, elevated cholesterol and strokes. Moreover, these people are inclined to diabetes type 2 and numerous types of malignant growth. Avoidance of corpulence in kids diabetes is the best answer for the issue. â€Å"The U.S. Top health spokesperson has distinguished the weight scourge as one of the best medical issues confronting the country today† (National Association of State Boards of Education, 2004, para 2). In 2010, the â€Å"Let’s Move† crusade was actualized urging youngsters to get up and move around, or exercise and school snacks were to get more advantageous. Michelle Obama was cited in an article called, First Lady Michelle Obama: Quotes on Child Obesity and Health â€Å"†¦ Over the previous five years, we have genuinely changed the way of life around good dieting and living in this country† (Holecko, 2015, para 4).Childhood corpulence stays a plague medical problem; the school snacks stay an issue to be inquired about. Reference Place for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), (2015). Youth corpulence realities. Recovered from http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/corpulence/facts.htm Holecko, C., (2015). First Lady Michelle Obama: Quotes on Child Obesity and Health . Recovered from http://familyfitness.about.com/od/childhoodobesity/a/michelle_obama_obesity.htm National Association of State Boards of Education, (2004). The job of schools in forestalling youth weight. Recovered from http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/physicalactivity/pdf/roleofschools_obesity.pdf

Annotated Bibliography

Commented on Bibliography Essay pic What was the centrality of the French Revolution? pic Prashant Sabapathi World History II Mrs. Boyle What was the essentialness of the French Revolution? Atkinson, Phillip. The French Revolution The Start of the Decline of Western Human progress. French Revolution January 25, 2004. http://www. ourcivilisations.com (got to October 27, 2004). I utilized this source as my web source. The data in the source is by all accounts written in an insightful manner; be that as it may, there is nothing on this article can lead me to believe that all the data that the creator gives is valid. The site has a .com finishing as opposed to a . organization or .edu finishing, which drives me to imagine that it didn't originate from an academic college. This site is only a site that I discovered utilizing a customary web crawler. I didn't get it from a reference book search motor, so the source doesn't have a notable or academic creator. A substantial motivation to scrutinize the validity of this source is the creator. The creator isn't notable, which implies I couldnt trust all the data that he gave. The substance of the article appeared to be quite acceptable, and the article had multiple pages of data. The greater part of this data related to my speculation. Be that as it may, it was muddled to me regardless of whether the data gave in this article was solid or not. In general, I feel that this article had a great deal of data, yet I would not utilize it since I question its believability. Bentley, Jerry H., and Herbert F. Ziegler. Conventions and Encounters. second ed. Vol. 2. Boston, Massachusetts: McGraw Hill 2003. I utilized this course reading as my source. This book is loaded up with data on World History. I found a segment that was around six pages in length on the French Revolution. We use it in history class, so I realize it is profoundly valid. This source was acceptable on the grounds that it not just had a ton of data about the French Revolution, however it likewise had maps and pictures to praise the data. The two creators, Jerry H. Bentley and Herbert F. Ziegler are notable creators. I know this since I composed each of their names in an internet searcher and them two thought of numerous outcomes that identify with various World History books. By and large, I thought this was an amazingly decent source on account of the measure of data and pictures it contained. Bentley, Jerry H., and Herbert F. Ziegler. Conventions and Encounters. second ed. Vol. 2. Boston, Massachusetts: McGraw Hill 2003 pic This is an incredible picture that I found in the Bentley Ziegler course book. I am utilizing this guide as my visual. This guide demonstrates the various regions that were claimed by various nations during the hour of the French Insurgency. This to some degree identifies with my theory since it shows which states had more land. Having more land prompted be a superior battling power. The two writers from this book are truly trustworthy on the grounds that they are very notable. I discovered this out via scanning for every one of them on the web. I found every one of their names on sites about World History books. Burke, Edmund. Reflections on the Revolution in France. Nursery City, New York: Grapple Press/Doubleday, 1972. I utilized this book as one of my essential sources. I utilized it as one of my essential sources since this book had a letter composed by Edmund Burke in it. I discovered this book at Howard Community College. I inquired as to whether Stay Press was a valid source, and she said that it was. This book contained the occasions and encounters that happened to Edmund Burke during the French Revolution. In this book, Burke is pondering what occurred during the Revolution. This book was around one hundred pages long. I thought this book was an incredible source, since it was brimming with data about what it resembled to take an interest in such an occasion. an Irish brought into the world political mastermind who had a noticeable influence in political issues for around thirty years, from 1765 to 1795. He died in 1797. Jules, Michelet. History of the French Revolution. Altered by Gordan Wright Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987. I utilized this book as one of my general sources. I discovered this book in the reference area of the Howard Community College Library. This book was distributed inside the most recent twenty years, and it was distributed at a well- known University. This persuaded this source was very solid. .

The People You Meet COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

The People You Meet COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog One of the things I love about my job is that I constantly get to meet fascinating people.   This is certainly the case for SIPA students as well due to the vast number of events held on campus. This week I participated in a Marine Executive Association event in New York City.   The event was a career and education panel focused on helping active and retired Marines think strategically about their future. During the networking portion of the event I met a gentleman by the name of David Danelo who it turns out is an accomplished author.   He has written two books and I immediately added both to my “to read” list.     If you are interested in border issues and/or security issues, it sounds like his two books provide deep insight and fodder for future study and analysis. The book that especially piqued my interest is entitled, The Border: Exploring the U.S. â€" Mexican Divide.   To research the book, David traveled the length of both the U.S. and Mexico sides of the border over a period of several months.   Border issues are a hot political topic and the likelihood of increased discussion in the future makes this sound like a fascinating read. George P. Shultz, U.S. Secretary of State from 1982-89 states: Danelo provides invaluable information and insight in this book, which deserves a wide and attentive audience. The other book is entitled, Blood Stripes â€" A Grunt’s View of the War in Iraq.   The mainstream media often pays attention to the large policy issues related to the war in Iraq, but very rarely have I heard in depth accounts from those in the field. Both of these books look interesting and if either of these topics is of interest to you and you plan on studying at SIPA, they might provide great preparation and insight prior to enrolling in our program. The New York Post states: Activists, left or right, will find this book uncomfortable, but its honesty makes it a great education for the rest of us.

Bibliography on Impacts of Immigration on the U.S Economy - 825 Words

Bibliography on Impacts of Immigration on the U.S Economy (Annotated Bibliography Sample) Content: Impacts of Immigration on the U.S EconomyName of studentInstitutional affiliationDate of submissionAnnotated BibliographyAmadeo, K. (2017). How Does Immigration Affect the Economy and You?Retrieved from This article talks about the benefits that immigrants have on the US economy. It included an evaluation of President Trump's immigration plan and how it might affect the economy. This is a good source since it touches on the current state of affairs. It will be useful in providing insight into the effects of immigration today.Bolin, T. (2003). The Economic and Fiscal Impacts of Immigration.Retrieved from /uc/item/item/0xr4267w.This article examines whether or not the immigrants contribute less or more to the economy of the US. It also looks at how immigrants contribute to the taxes used up in the provision of public services that they utilize. This is a credible source of information as it was prepared for the Institute for Research on Labour and Employment. It can be useful since it provides statistical data on immigration and its effects.Borjas, G. (2013). Immigration and the American Worker: A Review of the AcademicLiterature. Center for Immigration Studies. Retrieved from This paper is a review of other academic literature that touches on how immigration affects the US labor market and the economy at large. The author of this article is an expert in the economy; this makes it a credible source.Camarota, S. (2017). The Fiscal and Economic Impacts of Immigration on the UnitedStates. Center for Immigration Studies. Retrieved from This is an article that discusses the effects of immigration on the average size economy, wages, employment, and the natives. It is useful as it presents statistical data on the various aspects of the economy.Kerr, W., Kerr, S.P. (2011). Economic Impacts of Immigration: A Survey. HavardBusiness School.The paper includes a survey of the studies on how immigration affects the economy in the US. This includes surveys on immigration and the labor market, its impact on the public finances and the economy, among others. It is a good source of information since it provides an evaluation of surveys and studies that have been carried out on the topic.Peri, G. (2010). The Effect of Immigrants on US Employment and Productivity. FRSSFEconomic Letter.This paper examines the effects of immigration in terms of income and economic output of each immigrant worker.Smith, N. (2017). Immigrants are Making the US Economy Stronger.Bloomberg View. Retrieved from The author argues that immigrants have a positive effect on wages, innovations, business, and other aspects of the US economy. It is a credible source that includes comments from a well-known economy analyst.Soergel, A. (2016). The Economic Costs of Immigration. US News. Retrieved from This article explains that immigration has a positive effect on the economy of the U.S. It provides a different perspective on the topic.Tan, A. (2016). Without Immigrants, th e US Economy Would be in Disaster.Abc News. Retrieved from This is an evaluation of the effects of immigrants on the economy and how the immigration reforms would affect the economy. This article touches on the immigration policies that are being pursued by the current government; this makes it a good source when it comes to relating the topic with ongoing issues.Office of the Legislative Auditor. (2006). The Economic Impacts ofImmigrants. Minnesota.

Comparison and Contrast Paper Beowulf Vs. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 872 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2018/12/19 Category Literature Essay Type Compare and contrast essay Level High school Tags: Character Analysis Essay Did you like this example? There are a number of characters that can be created by the author depending on the massage that they want to pass. Both Beowulf and Sir Gawain are the main heroic characters in the ancient Greece. They bare such qualities as famous, come from noble families and may at the end bare a tragic fall. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Comparison and Contrast Paper: Beowulf Vs. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight" essay for you Create order They are said to be brave, gallant, and strong and can bare supernatural powers. They are skilled men who are victims of perfection. They rule a nation or state and are believed and given much attention by their subjects. Heroes are therefore supposed to be idealizing people since they face challenges and temptations and should be able to deal wisely with them (Woolf 12). Tragic heroes later come to a fall. The fall may be caused by their close friends or relatives who are conversant with their secretive lives in detail. The lives of these characters therefore help us to draw their similarities and differences. Both Gawain and Beowulf are great leaders. They are liked and loved by the people they lead. They are both brave and loyal leaders. They respect their kings and kingdoms. This is by following the set doctrines and ways. The fact that the two characters represent good makes them similar. The author presents them in a way to show goodness. For instance when Beowulf fights with the terrible creatures the monsters and wins the author is so happy and congratulates him for that comments him and says the Beowulf will always defeat the evil one (Greenblatt17). The same also happens for Sir Gawain and the monster the Knight. Even after he is defeated the author takes his side and claims that when we fail and become true to ourselves then the goodness in us pronounces us as winners. The thematic concerns of the two tragic heroes are similar. In both works the audience meets a well-shaped and brought out hero by the author. The heroic figure is brought out by the physical, emotional and psychological prowess endowed in them. This enables them to be well equipped for the tasks and challenges ahead of them. They both command leadership and fight winning battles. They also comprehend heroic behaviors and epic journey. There are major differences that can be highlighted from the lives of sir Gawain and Beowulf. Beowulf is mainly known for his bravery while sir Gawain is mainly known for his honor. Sir Gawains honor is best shown when he succeeds greatly in his search for the green knight. Beowulf also shows his bravery in killing Grendels mother and also when he fought with the robust dragon. Sir Gawain and Beowulf also differ in the responsibilities they take. Beowulf is a hero while sir Gawain is a knight. They bare different sources of inspiration on how to go about the battles. Beowulf follows the heroic doctrines that pay more attention to honor, ability to be strong and courageous while sir Gawain follows those of soldiers. They each represent the values of their culture. Beowulf represent the spirit of the warriors which was more concerned with bravery, physical strength and loyalty while Gawain represents the ways of the soldiers which mostly emphases on courage. This difference therefore is clearly illustrated in the way the two heroes fight the evil monsters. Beowulf defeats the monsters and wins his people fifty years of peace before the robust dragon. Gawains case is different because he is defeated by the monsters and starts a personal fight with his inner self. As the story comes to an end, Gawain is a failure, while Beowulf emerges a success. Gawain fails in the fact that he is in such of perfection although he had done what had not been done by any other soldier or were willing to do. Beowulf gets victory from the fact that he fought successful battles, defeating the monsters and won liberation of his people for fifty years. Both heroes differ in the way they acquire their tragic flaws and hamartia. Sir Gawain as a hero gains his flaw from his concerns for his dear life. He loved himself and valued his own life and therefore he could never gain courage to fight against his own reputation. The tragic flaw of Beowulf came from his own excessive pride. Beowulf kept on fighting monsters although he was very old. He wanted fame from his subjects and was also characterized by greed and lust . Sir Gawain differs from Beowulf in the fact that he is a believer In the Christian faith while Beowulf believes in the pagan history. He only believes in fate and knows that it is only fate that will unfold and testify. Nothing can change fate. Sir Gawain believes in Christ the power and through him he can be change things. He therefore believes in brotherly love, chastity and courtesy unlike Beowulf who is undisturbed of whatever fate is placed on him. He has nothing to do with it because it must come to pass. Work Cited Greenblatt, Stephen, gen. ed. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. 9th. ed.Vol A. New York: Norton, 2012 Woolf, Virginia. The Mark on the wall. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. 9th ed. Vol F. Stephen Greenblatt. New York. Norton, 2012

Is Vaccines A Cause Of Autism Spectrum Disorder - 1179 Words

Precious or Poisonous: A Choice All Parents Must Make â€Å"Ever since the smallpox vaccine in 1798 there has been an argument over the safety, effectiveness and morality of vaccinations† (Immunization Action Timeline). In 2015 we have progressed as far as to find a vaccine for Ebola but the controversy still continues. In Tennessee, residents can refuse vaccines because of a religious reason. Many other states also allow their residents to refuse vaccines for religious and philosophical reasons (National Vaccine Information Center). Because states allow people to refuse vaccines, there is a chance that epidemics and vaccine prevented diseases could return. Many people question the safety of vaccines, therefore they refuse them. Most popular is the idea that vaccines can be a cause of Autism Spectrum Disorder. The CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, states that this is false. The CDC repeatedly says that there is no link between these two. They have studies showing that the ingredients in vaccines are not the cause of Autism. â€Å"One vaccine ingredient that has been studied specifically is thimerosal, a mercury-based preservative used to prevent contamination of multidose vials of vaccines. Research shows that thimerosal does not cause ASD† (Centers for Disease Control). â€Å"The most recent Cochrane systematic review of research on the MMR vaccine included six self-controlled case series studies, two ecological studies, one case crossover trial, five timeShow MoreRelatedIs Vaccines A Cause Of Autism Spectrum Disorder?1257 Words   |  6 PagesMake â€Å"Ever since the smallpox vaccine in 1798 there has been an argument over the safety, effectiveness and morality of vaccinations† (Immunization Action Timeline). In 2015 we have progressed as far as to find a vaccine for Ebola, however, the controversy still continues. In Tennessee, residents can refuse vaccines because of a religious reason. Many other states also allow their residents to refuse vaccines for religious and philosophical reasons (National Vaccine Information Center). BecauseRead MoreMmr Vaccine Can Cause Autism Spectrum Disorder Essay2192 Words   |  9 Pageseradicated by the use of vaccinations. Although vaccines are said to reduce the chance of receiving certain infections or diseases, controversial ideas believe that the MMR vaccine can cause autism spectrum disorder. Autism is a developmental disorder that impairs communication and interaction; it has no confirmed cause. Usually, a child begins to show signs of autism around 12 to 18 months, which is also the same age when a child receives the MMR vaccine. Because of this correlation, apprehensive parentsRead MoreAutism Is A Brain Based Disorder Essay1628 Words   |  7 PagesAutism is a brain based disorder that causes social-communication challenges. Autism is often diagnosed when children are very young. They can be diagnosed as early as 18 months according to the Autism Spectrum Disorder. Many expecting parents will prepare for a pregnancy by the usual healthy diet to make sure that they have a healthy baby, however, many children are still getting diagnosed with autism every day. There is a statistic stated on the Autism Spectrum Disorder that about 1 in every 68Read MoreAutism Spectrum Disorders784 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction Autism is the main form of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Autism is a developmental disorder that is manifested in problems with communication, impairment of social functioning, and repetitive behaviours. According to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V), ASD diagnoses must meet four different areas of criteria. There are three symptoms of deficits in social communication and interaction across contexts, four symptoms of restrictedRead MoreVaccines And Its Effect On Health Care1163 Words   |  5 Pages The introduction of vaccines has been a great advancement in the world of medicine. This ground- breaking discovery has a tremendous effect on health care by putting an end to diseases that might otherwise be untreatable. Diseases such as typhoid, whooping cough, and polio which threaten many countries worldwide are now preventable after the discovery of the vaccine. Although the development of vaccines has led to the prevention o f deadly illnesses, there has been may controversy based on whetherRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1280 Words   |  6 PagesComposition 1 Autism Spectrum Disorder â€Å"Autism is a neurological disorder. It s not caused by bad parenting. It s caused by an abnormal development in the brain. The emotional circuits in the brain are abnormal. And there also are differences in the white matter, which is the brain s computer cables that hook up the different brain departments† â€Å"Temple Grandi†BrainyQuote.com. Xplore Inc, 2015. 30 April 2015. http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/t/templegran451380.html. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)Read MoreChildren With Autism Spectrum Disorder1502 Words   |  7 Pagesby a disorder that affects the very things we need to fit in to society. The ability to be able to fit in, communicate and behave in proper ways, allows us to function, work and survive in life. For many children and adults, they live with a disorder that dictates these behaviors and language skills to be very different from the average American. These skills they are challenged with, make it very difficult to live independ ently. The disorder these individuals live with is called Autism SpectrumRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1261 Words   |  6 PagesAutism spectrum disorder (ASD)  is a serious  disorder  which affects the child’s neurological and behavior functions and may cause different levels of disability. Autism is a regressive neurodevelopment disorder that impacts social interactions, verbal and nonverbal, as well as negative behaviors. It is a disorder that is connected to abnormal biology and chemistry within the brain. Also, autism appears within the first three years of life. A child can seem developmentally normal and meeting all milestonesRead MoreVaccinations For Common Illnesses And Disease Essay1660 Words   |  7 Pagesvaccination came about when the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella vaccines were all combined (Cave 54). After the release of this new vaccination, the number of kids being diagnosed with autism rose tremendously. Some people were very interested in t his sudden spike of autistic children and decided to follow up on it. Many studies were done to see if there was any correlation between the MMR vaccination and the increasing diagnosis of children with autism. Some findings contradict one another. What I believeRead MoreA Research Topic On Autism Spectrum Disorder Essay965 Words   |  4 PagesResearch Topic: NEW 9-28-16 Ariel Robinson Autism Spectrum Disorder is a developmental disorder that displays characteristics of impairments in social interactions and communication, obsessive interests, and repetitive behaviors.1 The DSM-5 characterizes Autism Spectrum Disorder as range of symptoms with varying severity, hence the term â€Å"spectrum†.2 Currently, scientists do not know the exact cause of autism. However, it is agreed upon that the underlying cause is highly likely to be influenced by genetic

Analysis Of Yummy And The House On Mango Street - 1119 Words

Gangsters, thugs, criminals, even victims could be the result of no parental involvement. In society, there tends to be those same thug enthusiasts that seem to run the community, or at least think they do. In the novels Yummy and The House on Mango Street, these ideas are developed as the audience sees first hand how the kids that have little to no parental involvement. The children seem as though they are afraid of nothing, but their biggest fear is someone knowing their secret, that they have nothing to go home to. â€Å"Nine out of ten youth detention inhabitants have either no mother, father, or both†, reporters from The Atlantic claim. They feel as though they have to prove that they can fend for themselves without anyone else’s help. A†¦show more content†¦Most of the girls that are criminals are that way because they had no motherly role model to show them that what they sometimes do is wrong. In society, the children that have the most to offer sometim es throw their potential away to be a follower because they have no parent to tell them to live up to their potential and be somebody. Certain events can affect the way a person acts or feels towards a person or an object. In the novel The House on Mango Street, Sandra Cisneros makes sure that the audience understands the struggle that comes with a single parent with several children. Cisneros says,â€Å"They are bad those Vargases, and how can they help it with only one mother who is tired all the time from buttoning and bottling and babying, and who cries everyday for the man who left without even leaving a dollar for bologna or a note explaining how come.†(29). The fact that the mother struggles from the workload of two parents is demeaning. It makes it easier for the lonely parent to fantasize about how much better their lives would have been with that one person instead of stopping to take the time to think about how their life is presently stopping to take the time to t hink and about how much they are needed by someone else. In the novel Yummy, events take a twist when G. Neri starts to talk about abuse and the consequences that they come with. Roger, the young boy who is narrating the story of Yummy’s life, gives the audience a glimpse of how Yummy’s

The Rastafari Movement Seeking Understandig - 1727 Words

Gabrella Rutty Informative Outline Topic: The Rastafari Movement General Purpose: To inform. Specific Purpose: To inform the audience about the general history of The Rastafari Movement and to eliminate possibly misconceptions about the movement. Thesis: The Rastafari movement is a positive movement that promotes peace amongst all, self-respect, self -awareness, and respect for others. I. Introduction a. Attention Getter: Is anyone here familiar with the term Rastafarian? Could you provide some terms that come to mind when you think about Rastas? b. Reason to Listen: Unlike the popular negative conceptions, Rastafarianism is actually a movement that promotes positivity. c. Thesis statement: The Rastafari†¦show more content†¦l. Rastas see Jah as being in the form of the trinity , which is, Father, Son, and the Holy Spirit. m. Rastas feel that Jah, in the form of the Holy Spiri, lives within the human soul, and for that reason they often refer to themselves as â€Å"I and I†. n. They also use the term â€Å"I and I† instead of â€Å"We† to emphasize the equality between all people, in the belief that the Holy Spirit within all people is what makes us all the same. o. Rastas assert that Zion is a land (which they view as Africa) is a land that Jah promised to them. To achieve this, they reject modern western society, Babylon, which they see as entirely corrupt due to materialism, corruption, and greed. 6. Rastas promote brotherhood amongst mankind. p. Reasoning: simply an event where Rastas gather together, sacrifice the cannabis plant, referred to as â€Å"ganja†, and discuss. The person honored with the task of lighting the cannabis says a short sentence beforehand, and then it is passed around in a clockwise function. In times of war, however, it is passed around counterclockwise. They use the sacrifice of cannabis to reason with God. q. Groundation: A groundation or â€Å"binghi† is a holy day that is marked by much dancing, singing, feasting, and the smoking of ganja, which lasts for several days. In public gatherings, Rastafari often says the

Plato’s and Aristotle’s Views on Knowledge Free Essays

Plato and Aristotle view knowledge and the process whereby it is obtained. They both point out that many epistemological concepts which they believe where knowledge comes from and what it is actually. Most of them have been astonished me in certain ways, but I found that rationalism and â€Å"wisdom consists in knowing the cause which made a material thing to be what it is† make the most sense to me regarding the nature of knowledge. We will write a custom essay sample on Plato’s and Aristotle’s Views on Knowledge or any similar topic only for you Order Now As the following, we will discuss about why these two philosophical viewpoints are superior and the others are inferior. Aristotle believes that sensory perception of material objects is knowledge and he says, â€Å"Our senses begin the process of finding the answer, because they are physically close to our minds. † However, sensations and feelings are very subjective, and the results of sensation vary from person to person and even within the same person, depending on the circumstances. What to one person is cold might be warm to another, one person may be more fatigued in the afternoon than in the morning, so that his or her perceptions may temporarily less accurate. Therefore one cannot claim that sensations provide sure knowledge for human beings. | On the other hand, Aristotle sustains that the perceptions of the senses form the foundation which leads to true knowledge. The senses â€Å"give the most authoritative knowledge of particulars† (individual material objects). The senses, especially sight, â€Å"make us know and bring to light many differences between things. † The senses thus provide a foundation that will ensure that human knowledge is true or accurate. Back and forth, we have already discussed that sensations cannot provide true knowledge for humans because of subjectivity, as in this case, this is not necessarily that perceptions of senses form the foundation which leads to true knowledge for humans. Plato believes that innate knowledge of eternal Forms that exist separately from material objects is true knowledge because innate knowledge does not require that the mind interact with the external world in order to be apprehended. It is present in the mind at birth, for it is God given, and has always been resident in the mind. Nevertheless, how does one know there is a God? For all we know, the existence of god cannot be proven by scientific methods, and this is for certain. In this case, how can humans get knowledge from god or gods? Therefore, innate knowledge should not be viewed as the origin of knowledge nor to help one to obtain true knowledge. For Aristotle’s substance, it states that when one knows the substance (matter and form) or essential nature of a material object, one knows the first cause that made it to be what it is. This knowledge is true wisdom and is therefore true knowledge. I felt this philosophical viewpoint when I first saw it; however, this knowledge begins in sensory perception. Stated in premise, sensations and feelings cannot assist individuals to acquire true knowledge. For this reason, I do not fall in this epistemological concept afterwards. Moreover, a syllogism also cannot help one to acquire human knowledge. To Aristotle, these universal ideas are self-evident. The mind, having received appropriate sensory input, immediately sees that they are true. Although premises are formed as the result of inductive reasoning, it is based on sensory perception. Consequently, human beings cannot acquire knowledge by a syllogism. I personally fall with rationalism and wisdom lead us to attain knowledge. Plato and Aristotle both believe that thinking, defined as true opinion supported by rational explanation is true knowledge; however, Plato is a rationalist but Aristotle is not. Plato thinks that the external world can be obtained proceeding from the inside out. Thus, the foundation of true knowledge for the rationalists is that it originates in the faculty of reason. Furthermore, reason has the capacity to discover ideas or beliefs independently of the senses. These ideas or beliefs are self-validating and therefore have the status of knowledge because the rational faculty, which has discovered them, is the most accurate of the means by which human beings obtain knowledge. In Plato’s Theaetetus, he says, â€Å"Any one forms the true opinion of anything without rational explanation, you may say that his mind is truly exercised, but has no knowledge. † This is quite true that when one can state a true opinion supported by a rational explanation, one’s opinion constitutes knowledge, since perceptions of senses are excluding in this case. Moreover, a rational explanation does not contain any subjectivity, it is an objective entity for humans to understand true knowledge. For this reason, I fall with rationalism and believe it is a superior philosophical viewpoint about the nature of knowledge. Aristotle sustains that wisdom consists in knowing the cause which made a material thing to be what it is. For Aristotle, wise people know more than just what something is; they also know why it is what it is, or what causes it to be what it is. People with wisdom, for instance, a master worker understand not only that fire is hot, but also know why it is hot. Those with experience only, who do not know why something works in a certain manner, cannot teach. Say physicians understand that there is a relationship between the medical condition of this class of patients and the ingredients in this particular drug. They are then motivated to learn why the drug works on these people, or what causes it to be more effective with this group of patients than with others. In achieving this knowledge, one achieves wisdom. Once the physicians found out what causes the drug works, it will increase the confidence of other physicians to use it with similar patients of their own. If they just used it because it â€Å"works,† they might be more hesitant. Knowing why it works makes them feel more certain that it will be helpful. Moreover, by understanding how the ingredients work, another researcher might find another use for the drug on a related but different medical infirmity. Thus, the ability to teach something is important to one because it implies that the person who teaches has knowledge. In these cases, I believe wisdom is the ability to teach something to someone and it also contains a path for one to acquire true knowledge, therefore, it is also a superior philosophical viewpoint for individual to understand true knowledge. In my own life, I believe that one’s knowledge is taught by parents, teachers, peers, and culture, and this is the reason for humans to have education. Our knowledge is received from the earlier generation to the next generation and so on. When I was a kid, I did not know why I had acne at that time. Now I am a teen, I know that during adolescence, hormones called androgens become active and stimulate oil glands in one’s skin, increasing oil production. This, in turn, clogs pores, causing pimples and blackheads. I am educated in school and I understand the causes of acne now. In this case, I have true knowledge about what acne is and the causes of it because I have the ability to teach someone about acne, and it constitutes wisdom. This example fits in Aristotle’s thought which wisdom consists in knowing the cause which made a material thing to be what it is, and therefore, the origin of knowledge. On the other hand, a study states that sunlight can prevent some types of cancer because vitamin D is manufactured in the skin when it is exposed to sunlight and it is this vitamin that may have a protective effect against certain cancers by preventing the overproduction of cells. In this case, a true opinion is supported by a rational explanation, and this study can help one to acquire knowledge because the study itself is knowledge. In this essay, we have examined different epistemological concepts of Plato and Aristotle about what knowledge is and the process whereby it is obtained. Since sensations are subjective, many of their philosophical viewpoints have been objected. Rationalism and â€Å"wisdom consists in knowing the cause which made a material thing to be what it is† make the most sense to me because they are not perceived by sensations, and they can be observed in our daily lives. Those are the reasons that I found these two concepts are superior to others. How to cite Plato’s and Aristotle’s Views on Knowledge, Papers

Implementing Certain Strategies Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Implementing Certain Strategies. Answer: Reason behind keeping hidden strategies The organization always has a particular strategy for which they have met their long-term goals and objectives. There are some major policies that are not forecasted by the management, as they are the future steps or activities of the company they do not want to disclose. Employees are must be trustworthy to the company, however, there are numerous cases when employees are not loyal to the company and they implement the same strategy in their own startup business and make successful. Thus, now onwards big decisions are always kept as a secret. Business policy, outline, and framework are important to measure any of the strategic implementation as the reach of the company and their associated terms are very important to analyze the company's stretch in the market (Austin and Pinkleton 2015). Managers are implementing certain strategies for the betterment of the company in case of getting more evaluation, control, and formulation of the company in the competitive market. The resources a re also important and effective as these are determination factor of marking the corporate objectives of an organization. There are several dimensions that analyze the corporate strategic decision and manage all these decisions in an ethical way so that perspective of the understanding of every employee remains same. The goal must be fixed for all and they support the company improvement to achieve that goal. Top level decision and pledge is the first dimension that analyzesmanagement commitment to their organization. They are the executives and bosses of the company so their strategic planning is needed to god otherwise company will get a severe threat in a competitive market. The second dimension emphasizes on the resources of the organization (Grant 2016). Organization potential resources signify the stretch of the company and provide an impactful thought where the organization can use this. Executives and managers perspective in terms of assets, money and physical working people and effective allocation of them is the key issue to commit their workplace as well. The organization has some long-term p roperty and this is the third dimension of the company that encompasses the particular strategy that provides a competitive advantage to the company. Some of the technological adaptation assistance from the market and change in strategy may consider the long-term strategic implementation over the development of the company (Hrebiniak 2013). This is another dimension that provides long-term objective and endangers previous gain and shifted the market for better opportunities. For this situation also strategic mindset is required and those strategies are kept aside from the employees before the implementation. Companys future orientation is depending on the proper projection development and product versatility. In case of the proper development, the organization is always depending on the correct strategies from managers. Strategies, those are imposed by the manager, must be implemented in a required way so that competitive effectiveness, necessary involvedness and strategic business units and divisions are maintained (Konno, Nonaka and Ogilvy 2014). There are certain characteristics in strategic business objectives which may not be forecasted form the authority for the external influence over this. External influences are so challenging that company survival is the concern issue over the situation. Most promising strategy in business is the future development of the organization. In this case, the promising strategic use is the key intervention that management has done in an ethical way so that business operations have a smooth way to operate. It requires adequate amount of resources, relevant use of external factors and top and concern level of the management team (Kim and Mauborgne 2014). All these allocations are important to determining the proper strategy of the company. In such cases, the long-term commitments are being fulfilled and those are being fulfilled by the framing out of strategies of the organization. Organization success and failure are depending on the implemented strategies. Organization leaders need to be ad aptive and innovative because whatever they have an implement that must have a sense of adapting nature to the employees and they have to work along with this for the future development of the organization. If they are not capable to use right model, in right time then the company may surface a stagnant situation. Any of the business threat and developing measures is the responsibility of the imposed strategy (Eden and Ackermann 2013). Managers are well enough adaptive to handle these situations and have the good eye to read the future. Their planning their implemented theories is the attending concern of the employees as employees have to abide by the implemented strategy that managers have chosen for the organization. The general reason behind hiding the strategy form the employees is overconfidence. Sometimes employees are trying to judge and analyze the strategy and by mistake, they stretch the future implemented strategy in an external environment. Other companies like this strategy they implemented the strategy in quick time and get success. So basically from the fault of judging and discussing the analogy of the strategy they parental company who have invented the strategy get affected. As discussed in Business News Daily, most of the small and medium firm employees are stealing, that may be money, project ideas, theories, models or strategies. By an experiment the article reviewed that 40% of the theft manner in employees are found in the small and medium scale of business. This is the reason production of the company become stagnant and the company has to fight for its survival (Konno, Nonaka and Ogilvy 2014). Organization strategic investment decisions are the major issue of ignoring the s trategy and anchoring of the strategy is also making a loose sense to the employees. Thus management needs to be strong and firm enough to impose the strategy in a right way and recognize the initial aspect of the strategy that employees must work on. Employees have to be eager to utilize this strategy as the strategic change may develop the scenario of the organization (Albadani and Mostafa2017). Chosen mechanism of M.H. Alshaya Alshaya is the consumer goods retailer company that is headquartered in Kuwait. They have operated 80 consumer retail brands in North Africa, Russia, Europe and the Middle East. The company also operates 3500 stores in seven segments of in goods and accommodation. They have more than 50,000 employees in their multiple stores around the world, thus their strategic planning is very much required to maintain their good reputation in this competitive market. Their wide range of products like footwear, fashion, food, apothecary, home endowing, optics, entertainment and health, and beauty all these are needed a unique strategy so that this huge market can get a competitive advantage in this globalized market (Alshaya 2017). The First and foremost strategy of the company is Building brands as they have the best retail, mother care and beauty brands all over the world. As their business is spreading through Russia, Middle East area or Turkey area their rand of choice is the concerning thing for the company. The next mechanism the company has followed is the accumulating good people for their company. All the employees are talented and they have the same desire to develop the company in a wider aspect. Employees are growth seeking so there is no discrepancy to apply a strategy over here, as the employees are well enough educated to make adapt with that business and take challenges in adverse condition. Strategies are not always related to the marketing or business; sometimes it is related to the sympathetic point of view of the customer (Kelleher and Yoda 2016). The organization has implemented Training and education program for Saudi Women, this is a huge step that the organization has done in recent days, this is a strategy to engross more women in their store and develop their business (Enloe2014). In addition to lots of brands, the company has special Privileged benefit for their existing members. There are exciting prizes, gift coupons, cards, rewards, money back all these are circulated by some monthly draws or Quarterly super draws(Alshaya 2017). This is another clever mechanism that has imposed by the organization, because for those exiting prizes and offers people love to visit that place and employee are doing their best to make a relationship with them so that they can come again and again and the company gets a competitive advantage rather than other companies (Al-Kandari and Al-Hellal 2014). Alshaya welcomes nine new brands in the major malls in Kuwait and that engross people attention as those brands are doing their debut in Kuwait market and Alshaya is the establishment parental company for those brands. Victorias Secret, Harvey Nichols Kuwait, Jack Wills, Garrett Popcorn Shops, The Cheesecake Factory, Jo Malone and Sarar all these brands are from beauty products, fashion retails, tea brands, popcorn brands, kitchen brands and food sections. These are the strategic implementation that Alshaya is doing to make competitive advantage in the globalized business arena (Alshaya 2017). References Albadani, R.M. and Mostafa, A.F., 2017. The Effect of different Electronic support systems through cloud computing on developing 3rd year students Computer knowledge.Life Science Journal,14(6). Al-Kandari, A.M. and Al-Hellal, A.J., 2014.The Relative Effectiveness of Technology-Based Laboratory Real-Time Graphing on Seventh Grade Students' Graph Interpretation Ability.Journal of Education/Al MejlhAltrbwyh,28(111). Alshaya 2017.Discover the world's best loved brands. [online] Available at: https://www.alshaya.com/en/ [Accessed 18 Oct. 2017]. Austin, E.W. and Pinkleton, B.E., 2015. Strategic public relations management: Planning and managing effective communication campaigns(Vol. 10). Routledge. Eden, C. and Ackermann, F., 2013.Making strategy: The journey of strategic management.Sage. Enloe, C.H., 2014.Bananas, beaches and bases: Making feminist sense of international politics. Univ of California Press. Grant, R.M., 2016.Contemporary Strategy Analysis Text Only.John Wiley Sons. Hrebiniak, L.G., 2013.Making strategy work: Leading effective execution and change. FT Press. Kelleher, H. and Yoda, J., 2016. 7 Implementing and executing strategies in the business and functional levels.The Strategic Planning Process: Understanding Strategy in Global Markets, p.243. Kim, W.C. and Mauborgne, R.A., 2014.Blue ocean strategy, expanded edition: How to create uncontested market space and make the competition irrelevant. Harvard business review Press. Konno, N., Nonaka, I. and Ogilvy, J., 2014. Introduction to the Special Issue on Strategy, Story, and Emergence: Essays on Scenario Planning.World Futures,70(1), pp.2-4. Konno, N., Nonaka, I. and Ogilvy, J., 2014. Introduction to the Special Issue on Strategy, Story, and Emergence: Essays on Scenario Planning.World Futures,70(1), pp.2-4.

Peking Opera Essay Example For Students

Peking Opera Essay Peking opera first started to gain national recognition in the 19th century, as is probably the best-known Chinese traditional music-theater in the West. Though known to the West as Peking opera, it is referred to in China as jing ju, translated as capital theater. This musical genre contains such diverse characteristics including virtuosic singing in romantic scenes involving young lovers, stylized battle scenes at land our at seas featuring spectacular acrobatics, comical slapstick often with underlying themes of political satire, and dramatic scenes of betrayal, revenge, retribution, and triumph. The origins of the plots of Peking opera come mostly from popular legend, historical events, novels, and other narrations. Peking opera is divided into five main categories and their subcategories according to age, sex, social status and character. These include the following: Sheng (male role), Dan (female role), Jing (painted face role), Mo (a minor old-male role), and Chon (male comic role). The basic musical elements of Peking opera include arias, musical speech (recitatives), and instrumental music. Though instrumental music has many functions in Peking opera, its most important function is to accompany the singing and the physical movements and dance. The instrumental ensemble is made up of two components: the melodic (wenchang) and the percussion (wuchang). The percussion ensemble is basically made up of five instruments. The danpigu (single-headed drum), ban (paired wooden clapper), xiaoluo (small going that produces rising pitch), and naoba (small pair of cymbals). The music of the percussion ensemble is comprised of sixty conventional rhythmic patterns, all which help to indicate kinds of dramatic situations, atmospheres, or moods. Other functions that these percussion pattern perform include accompanying fighting scenes, producing sound effects, and indicating entrances and exits of dramatic personages and their social status to name just a few. The instruments of the melodic ensemble of the Peking opera are mostly comprised of strings and winds, as well as a set of ten small, suspended pitched gongs called the yunluo. The strings include the jinghu (2-stringed bamboo spiked fiddle with high, piercing pitch), the erhu, the yueqin, and a small sanxian. The winds are the dizi transverse flute, the sheng, and the big and small suona (double-reed oboes). The primary functions of the melodic ensemble are to play introductions and interludes for arias, to accompany arias, and to play incidental music for dance and miming movements. The instrumental ensemble only contains nine players in the entire ensemble. Therefore, the players are obviously very versatile, and can usually play more than one instrument. For instance, one who plays both the single-headed drum and the clapper also plays the big and small barrel drum. Vocal music in Peking opera is comprised of arias, recitatives, and heightened speech. Heightened speech is used exclusively, however, by important characters and characters of high social status, while everyday speech is used by the comics and the characters of lower social status. All Peking-opera arias derive from a group of about thirty pre-existent tune-and-rhythm patterns called ban. By setting the same melodic-rhythmic type to a different text, a new aria is produced. Defined in terms of their rhythm, tempo, and timbre, five main aria types can be identified: the narrative aria, lyrical aria, animated aria, dramatic aria, and interjected aria. In conclusion, in the Peking opera, the oral and visual elements are both equally important. The actors have both mastered highly stylized acting techniques, just as thoroughly as singing. Also, audiences of Peking operas have been shrinking rapidly. One reason is because conventions of this opera-type are deeply rooted in an old society based on Confusion moral precepts and political outlooks. Although the government has tried to remedy this by taking certain form measures, it has not caused for a significant change. .ud60ee8991a513dfd9ca28f74b5f955f0 , .ud60ee8991a513dfd9ca28f74b5f955f0 .postImageUrl , .ud60ee8991a513dfd9ca28f74b5f955f0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud60ee8991a513dfd9ca28f74b5f955f0 , .ud60ee8991a513dfd9ca28f74b5f955f0:hover , .ud60ee8991a513dfd9ca28f74b5f955f0:visited , .ud60ee8991a513dfd9ca28f74b5f955f0:active { border:0!important; } .ud60ee8991a513dfd9ca28f74b5f955f0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud60ee8991a513dfd9ca28f74b5f955f0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud60ee8991a513dfd9ca28f74b5f955f0:active , .ud60ee8991a513dfd9ca28f74b5f955f0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud60ee8991a513dfd9ca28f74b5f955f0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud60ee8991a513dfd9ca28f74b5f955f0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud60ee8991a513dfd9ca28f74b5f955f0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud60ee8991a513dfd9ca28f74b5f955f0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud60ee8991a513dfd9ca28f74b5f955f0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud60ee8991a513dfd9ca28f74b5f955f0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud60ee8991a513dfd9ca28f74b5f955f0 .ud60ee8991a513dfd9ca28f74b5f955f0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud60ee8991a513dfd9ca28f74b5f955f0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass, an Am EssayTheater

The world during rizal time free essay sample

The purpose of this regulation is to specify the principles for actions of the board of directors, the basic rules of its organisation and functioning and the rules of conduct for its members. The regulation seeks to achieve the greatest transparency, effectiveness, motivation, supervision and control regarding the boards functions of management and representation of the corporate interests, in accordance with the principles and recommendations regarding corporate governance of listed companies. Download Internal Rules of Conduct in the Securities Market These rules of conduct for securities market activities (hereinafter, the Rules) have been approved pursuant to article 80. 2 of Law 24/1988 of 28 July on the Securities Market. In compliance with the provisions of said Law, these Rules will be sent to the National Securities Market Commission (hereinafter, CNMW)

Separable Inseparable Phrasal Verbs

Separable Inseparable Phrasal Verbs Phrasal verbs are separated into two groups: Separable and Inseparable Phrasal Verbs. Separable ​Phrasal Verbs Separable phrasal verbs can remain together when using an object that is a noun or noun phrase. Examples: He paid back the debt. OR He paid the debt back.The company laid out quite a bit for research. OR The company laid quite a bit out for research. Separable phrasal verbs MUST be separated when a pronoun is used: Examples: We ran it up by $50,000.They bailed him out of the situation.Frank paid it all back by the end of the month. Inseparable Phrasal Verbs Inseparable phrasal verbs always remain together. It makes no difference if a noun or pronoun is used. Examples: He scraped by on only $800 a month for two years. NOT He scraped it by for two years.They splashed out on new office furniture. NOT They splashed it out. Note:Â  All phrasal verbs containing more than one particle are inseparable. Example: Ive put up with the situation for more than two years. Tip:Â  If you are not sure whether a phrasal verb is separable or inseparable, ALWAYS use a noun or nouns phrase and DO NOT separate. In this manner, you will always be correct! Separable Phrasal Verbs Related to Money Each phrasal verb is grouped into a category and marked S for separable or I for inseparable. Notice that most of the phrasal verbs are separable and used in informal situations. The following phrasal verbs are related to spending money. They are all rather informal and shouldnt be used in formal documents. to lay out - Sto splash out - Ito run up - Sto fork out - Sto shell out - Sto cough up - S Paying Debts These phrasal verbs are related to paying debts and can be used in more formal communications, as well as in informal situations. to pay back - Sto pay off - S Saving Money These phrasal verbs are related to saving money and tend to be used in informal situations. to save up - Sto put aside - S Using Saved Money The phrasal verbs are related to spending money that has been saved and are used in informal situations. to dip into - Ito break into - I Helping Someone With Money The phrasal verbs are related to helping someone with money and are used in informal situations. to bail out - Stide over - S Continue Learning Phrasal Verbs Teachers can use this introducing phrasal verbs lesson plan to help students become more familiar with phrasal verbs and start building phrasal verb vocabulary. If you are learning phrasal verbs, this guide in how to study phrasal verbs will help you develop a strategy to understand and learn phrasal verbs. Finally, there are a wide variety of phrasal verb resources on the site to help you learn new phrasal verbs and test your understanding with quizzes.

Can You See the Real Me Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Can You See the Real Me - Essay Example In communication per se, had people been able to communicate effectively by means of internet and cyber chatting Where can a person expose its real self Has there been a difference of how a person shows it self face-to-face and through internet In Can You See the Real Me Activation and Expression of the "True Self" in the Internet, Bargh, McKenna and Fitzimons (2002), the idea that a person possesses a multiple sense of persona has been described by different psychologists and sociologists. True to the fact that a person can change moods and expressions in different situations, it is ideally easy to believe that a person or a stranger in the cyberworld can openly be with its "true self" rather than face-to-face situations or encounters. If a person in the cyberworld remains anonymous and is spared with the risks of social sanctions while remaining socially active, then a person can reveal its "true-self" in the internet rather than face-to-face encounters. During the process of identifying if a person in the cyberworld remains anonymous and is spared with the risks of social sanctions while remaining socially active, then a person can reveal its "true-self" in the internet rather than face-to-face encounters, forty six students enrolled in introductory psychology course in New York University of which 18 were male and 28 were female were identified as the Independent Variables (IV). These students participated by pairs of which 16 is of the same sex and 7 was cross sex. On the other hand, the Dependent Variables (DV) are the true self and actual self of the participants, wherein, the reaction to the set of tests will be observed to prove the hypothesis. CONCEPTUAL DEFINITIONS OF VARIABLES Independent variable is the variable that is controlled and manipulated by the experimenter. Dependent variable is not manipulated; instead the DV is observed or measured for variation as a presumed result of the variation in the IV.1 In this case, the students will be manipulated by the experimenter by conducting a series of tests. How they react to these tests, whether they reveal their true self or actual self, will be observed and identified as a result of the manipulation of the experimenter to the students. METHODOLOGY The gathered data were analyzed using a 2x2x2x2 repeated measures of ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) of which, then interaction mode: online or face-to-face, interaction length: 5 or 15 minutes, self concept: actual self or true self, and participants in pair were being observed. The first two factors describe the variables between participants and the last 2 factors describe the variables within the participants. OPERATIONALIZATION OF VARIABLES The participants were experimented with the use of stimuli for the computerized reaction time task consisted of trait words which are presented to the participants in random order. Consisting of 8 practice trials and 45 experimental trials, each word will appear in the center of the screen until the participant responds. 35 words of the experimental trials frequently encountered trait terms which are "wise" and "bossy" of which half are positive and half are negative. The 10 other words of the stimuli were the "actual self" and "true self" words which were generated earlier from the participants but were placed in the last part of the stimuli so that the participants will not detect its connection towards the experiment. All the sessions were conducted by a single

Principles of Marketing CA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Principles of Marketing CA - Essay Example (10%)   Using the five stage model of the Purchase Decision Process in the model of consumer buying behavior described in Module 1, describe in detail the process you went through in making each purchase. Bear in mind that the purpose of the assignment is to demonstrate the depth of your understanding of the teaching materials. (20%)   Second Page   Identify and discuss the differences between the ways you went through the purchase decision processes for the two products. (20%)   Third and Fourth Pages   Assume now that you are marketing brands in two of the product categories listed above. Applying only the teaching materials, specifically the presentation "Uses of a Model of Buying Behavior", explain how you might use your understanding of the Model of Consumer Buying Behavior in marketing the two products. (Note that you are asked to APPLY the teaching materials, and thus simply listing what marketers can do in general is not sufficient. You should think about what is ex plained in the teaching materials and then apply that learning to two of the product categories listed above). ... The operating system was a high involvement purchase since it was very expensive yet there was the risk of it not being compatible with the computer programs that I intended to use. However, I was convinced by the vendor that it would work. Moreover, the operating system was significant and pertinent to my work. I also did not have much time since the deadline for project submission was fast approaching. The Domino’s pizza was a low involvement purchase since there was no risk involved, neither was it expensive. Moreover, I could have skipped it until supper time back home. Purchase Decision Process I recognized the need to have the computer software and decided to engage in information search regarding various brands and vendors. I checked online advertisements for different operating systems and found descriptions that matched my need. I found out that there were different operating systems such as windows XP, windows 7, and Linux which I could also apply to satisfy my needs . Both windows XP and the more recent windows 7 are products of Microsoft Corporation, which is a recognized company with strong brand equity. I was familiar with windows XP than the rest, hence I settled on the decision to buy it. After installation in my computer, the software worked well and I am satisfied with it. The Domino’s pizza I had at the restaurant did not involve all these steps in purchase decision making. Rather, I felt hungry and saw the restaurant. I entered, looked at the menu and found that the price of pizza was affordable and reasonable to me. I ordered, tasted it and felt that it was well cooked. I ate it, paid and left with the thought of passing by the restaurant for another pizza in future. Differences in the Purchase Decision Processes In

Consumer Behaviour in Fashion Industry

Consumer Behaviour in Fashion Industry David Holloway had always been rather rebellious and he continued to be so during his time studying fashion. However, he produced annual collections which stunned his teachers with their inventiveness and attention to detail. During his time at college David developed his skill as a tailor, so in his leaving collection (2005), the output was not only inventive, it was also technically very well made. David was employed by a major fashion house and spent two years producing ground-breaking designs, elevating the house from the simply sophisticated to the cutting edge of fashion. David was in demand on the UK fashion scene. He was runner up in the Fashion Designer of the Year competition in 2007, having been the winner of Best New Fashion Designer of the Year in 2006, but as he was often said awards dont necessarily put money in the till. Freeway fashion ltd designed and manufactured David Holloways designs for sale at a range of specialist high and retail outlets and also created designs for more mid market outlets on a commission basis. The 2008/2009 revenue year had been difficult for freeway fashion ltd. No new ideas were seen in the offerings at the spring 2010 collection and sales were static. In spite of having scarce time, information, and resources, I have tried my best to fulfill all the requirements of the report and sought to apply my knowledge of Consumer behavior as a process. Jump to:   TASK 1 7 Introduction Fashion Consumer motivation Importance of fashion in peoples lives TASK 2 14 Role of celebrities in the adoption Stimuli TASK 3 19 Way to deal with changing profile customer Innovators of fashion design Reference group theory TASK 4 28 Research method for Freeway Fashion Ltd Sample frame Non- consumer research method TASK 5 39 Monitory system for Freeway fashion ltd Problem statement: Based on information it is possible to acquire, draw up a picture of fashion clothing market (both male and female) in a country of your choice. Some of the general areas you might consider include: What is fashion and how is it manifested in the clothing market? What are the consumer motivations for being and staying in fashion? Why is fashion important in peoples lives? Introduction: Fashion is always changed by social and cultural attitude, place, time etc. Fashion designers design fashion by considering customers needs, current situation and a wide range of colors, patterns, and styles.  [1]  Here is a complete picture of clothing market in Bangladesh. Fashion: Fashion a general term for a currently popular style or practice especially in clothing. Fashion clothes express a person who is he or she what he or she value. Fashion is always changing slightly elusive, extreme, and seductive. It has the power to change an image and create a social statement.  [2]  The fashion industry is the product of modern age. From the designers perspective the key was keeping in tune with all dynamic changes happening in the market and then translating those into required products when the customer acknowledge. Ancient Bengali fashion garments generally used unstitch although Bengali knew regarding sewing. Bangladeshi female wears traditional clothing such as sari. There are various styles of fashion clothing available in Bangladeshi market. The fashion market of Bangladesh is witnessing strong growth owing to a young population, an increase in disposable incomes, which is leading to increase in consumption and thus the rapid growth in organisation retail. Characteristics to manifest fashion in clothing market: Clothing is one of the codes for reading society. Selecting the right clothes is the first and foremost step in creating an overall style statement. The fashion magazines and the fashion shows are of great help determining what is chosen or not.  [3]   Fashion is manifested by constant change in form where the function remains constant. In clothing market, fashion is always change by consumers buying motivation factors and decision making process. In Bangladesh, the fashion clothing is manifested by the different ways of thinking, social groups, and motivation factors etc. the culture of fashion is inextricably linked to a place or social senses to a community and in clothing market. Fashion is concerned, time and space matter. The fashion market is apposite for exploring the problem posed by market behaviour as it relates to creativity. The fashion industry is manifested in several ways. The external sociological factors have influences on customer such as family, friends, neighbor, other informal and noncommercial sources, social class and cultural and subcultural memberships. Demographic characteristics will affect both the type of clothing that individuals will consume fashion:  [4]   Age: this remains one of the main determinants of peoples buying behaviour despite social changes which have taken place, such as the slump in teenage fashion. Gender: also an important factor affecting a persons choice of clothing, gender remains important since there are very few genuinely unisex fashion item even jeans are advertised as either feminine or masculine. Occupation: clothing can be chosen to reflect ones professional status and choice of buying. Economics circumstances Social class Consumer motivation: Consumer motivation is an internal state that derives person to choose and buy products or services which fulfill conscious and unconscious desire or needs. The fulfillment of those demands can then motivate them to make a repeat purchase or to find different goods and services to better fulfillment those desires.  [5]   In Bangladesh, the fashion clothing market depends on how necessary a purchase is to an individual his motivational levels may vary from low to high. Motivational factors include familiarity with purchase, status factors and overall expense and value. The hierarchy of needs of Maslow (1970) provides a framework within which to explore the role that fashion plays in driving and motivating. Maslows hierarchy of needs Physiological needs: Physiological needs are those required to sustain life. These is prompt the purchase of a winter coat in winter season by a person. This model may appear slightly out dated in todays fashion society continually consumers are finding it easier to satisfy this lower level need leading to greater emphasis being placed upon how they are viewed in fashion society. Safety needs: These relate to both physical and emotional safety, although this may in general be a minor issue for fashion marketers. Some purchases will involve a high level of safety consciousness, such as taking into account the flammability of children nightwear. Here consumers feels to purchase good clothes. Social groups: Consumer social needs includes love, affection, belonging and acceptance from: Groups Family Roles and status Social needs can exert a powerful influence on fashion purchase, as is exemplified by the complex issues involved in the teenage purchase of T-shirts.  [6]   Esteem needs: This implies the need for recognition from others. Prestige or the wish to enhance consumers reputation is a motivating force across the whole fashion spectrum, from street fashion to haute couture.  [7]   Need for self-actualisation: This is often interpreted as the expression of creativity or some type of spiritual fulfillment. The fashion consumers can be observed by this motivational force at work in both the creative dresser. Consumer maintains the high Image enhancement Social uniqueness Importance of fashion in peoples lives: Fashion seems to be ubiquities and a permanent dimension of human behaviour. Fashion is new delight for consumer. Fashion is something which is special we deal with everyday. Clothes create a wordless means of communication that we all understand.  [8]   Express personality: Fashion is a way by which consumers can express their personality. So it is easier to judge and realize others personality by the help of fashion. Social uniqueness: people always seek to be unique. It is easier to express or act uniquely if one strongly maintain own fashion avoided criticism. Image enhancement: fashion is important because it allows consumers to project the image that they want others to see. Consumer can enhance their beauty by wearing fashion clothes. Spread culture: Fashion play an important part in our culture. In Bangladesh, women think of saris sari is not only worn in Bangladesh these days but others countries such as Mexico and African people love to wear saris to get the feel of Indian subcontinent culture. Increasing confident: Fashion is required to make the consumer feel the best. When somebody wears fashionable clothes that fit his or her properly and it can add a boost of confidence. Position in society: fashion is required to make position the consumer in his or her society. Fashion clothes increases the social status of a consumer who wears fashionable clothes. Fashion has become a part of our life. Nobody can remain untouched without fashion. People must have some idea and kind of fashion to show their existence in present society. It is very important at all the time and no one cant think or stay without fashion whoever is conscious. Task 2 Problem statement: What is the role of celebrity and peer pressure in the adoption of fashion clothing? What are the stimuli for purchase? What is the role played by the mass media? Adoption of fashion: fashion adoption is an important concept in the fashion industry. Fashion is defines as a style of clothes or behaviour in the latest style. Fashion adoption is not related to age, education or marital status, i.e. demographic variables, but is corrected with fashion purchasing, magazine, readership, and frequency of shopping for clothes. Role of celebrities in the adoption of fashion clothing: Celebrities have greatly influenced consumers in this decade. International stars like Medona, Beyonce and Sara Jessica Parker have become more influential role models for customers. Celebrities provide role models by which people can judge themselves and can be used as images to which they can aspire.  [9]   Brand awareness: celebrities create brand awareness among consumers and peoples life style. Fashion image: fashion image relates consumers perception about fashions favorable, unique, and strong related associated that fashion products might benefit from. Celebrities help consumers for enhancing their images. In fashion, consumers follow a certain norm in order to get the majority style of trends. Celebrities take place the eye of the world updating on what fashion they have adopted. New trend: latest fashion trends are always started on what fashion clothes are worn by the celebrities and models. Enhance uniqueness: celebrities always have their own identity in creating their own style of fashion. So consumers try to make self uniqueness learning the celebrities life. Role of peer pressure in the adoption of fashion clothing: Peer is generally acknowledger siblings or friend.  [10]  They are some people that an individual keep in mind when making a purchase. Peer groups are important because they inform and make individuals aware of specific products and brand for adopting fashion. Peer influence on the attitudes, thoughts, and actions of an individual. Peer influence on products purchase decision. Encouraging the person to change their attitude and help to get the new fashion. Peer pressure is probably the strongest influence on adolescent brand choices which is symbolic good for clothes and adoption fashion.  [11]   Stimuli Stimuli: Stimuli are events in environment that influence behaviour.  [12]  Consumer buying behaviour is influenced by numerous factors. Decision making questions such as what, why, how, where and when consumers buy are influenced by three major conditions. Stimuli for purchase are a mechanism to bring into entropy the four different images of self defined by Freud. Freuds theory of personality is based on the idea that much of consumer behaviour in fashion is determined by forces outside awareness. Personality stereotypes may change overtime.  [13]  There are three levels of awareness: conscious mind, preconscious mind, subconscious mind.  [14]   The id: The id is the Freudian structure of personality that consists of unconscious nature.  [15]  This id is conceptualized as a warehouse of primitive and impulsive drives. Here consumer has no real perception reality and seeks to satisfy his or her needs. The super ego: The super ego is conceptualized as the individuals internal expression of societys moral and ethical codes of conduct. In this stage the individuals satisfies needs in a socially acceptable fashion. The ego: The ego is a consumers conscious control. The ego is based on the reality principle.  [16]  The ego functions in the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious mind. Freuds personality theory of consumer personality believe that customer drives are largely unconscious and that consumers are primarily unaware of their true reasons for buying fashion products what they buy. The role of mass media: The mass media, including all types of TV channels, radio, paper, newspaper always play a vital role in our modern fashion life. They have changed our life very much. Mass media affects consumers fashion by showing celebrities fashion life, fashion shows etc Mass media have a great contribution to shape consumers ways of thinking. Mass media increases our awareness about fashion by when we watch on TV, radio. Task 3 Problem statement: Fashionable products often have difficulty remaining fashionable. This question addresses: How do fashion based companies deal with changing customer profiles for their products? Who are the innovators and early users of fashion products? Explain the role of COO (country of origin) effect in relation to fashion design and outsourced manufacturing? What influence does reference group theory have on the possession and brand fashion goods? Ways to deal with changing profile customer: Fashion based companies need to deal with their changing profile customer for their existing and new products. These companies should consider ways to grow the fashion market via existing and new products, in existing and new markets. Market penetration: (existing market and existing product) This strategy is seeking a larger market share in a market in which organisation has already offerings.  [17]   Attracting buyers of competing offerings(fashionable product) Stimulating fashion product trial among potential customers Product Existing new Fashion Market penetration Fashion Product development Fashion Market development Fashion Diversification Existing Market New Fig: 4Ps of marketing mix Product development: ( existing market ands and new product) Fashion companies create new offering for existing fashion markets. Product augmentation- enhances the value to customer of existing fashion clothes. Product line extension- broad the existing line of offering by adding different trend, sizes, forms, colors etc. Fashion market development : (new market, existing product) Fashion companies are introducing its existing offerings to customers than other those that the fashion company is currently serving. Carefully consider competitor strengths and weakness and competitor relation potential Modification of the basic offering Change in sales effort and advertising Diversification: (new market, new offering) Fashion companies can develop of offerings new and introduce those offerings to new customers not previously served by these organisations. Growing trend in recent years. Fashion companies also include following factors to deal with customers: Branding: Positioning is how a product appears in relation to other products in market.  [18]  Brand can be positioned against competitors brand. Observational research: It is a social research technique that involves the direct observation in natural setting. It is very flexible to researchers because they can change their approach whenever they want. Fashion based company can deal with this strategy by researching the actual wants and needs of customer.  [19]   CRM (Customer relationship management): CRM strategy helps the fashion based companies improve the profitability of their interaction with customers. To succeed with CRM companies need to match products and campaigns to prospects and customers life cycle. Fashion companies can gather customer data by CRM Market analysis: Fashion companies should analyse the market by following dimension: Market size Market growth rate Market profitability Distribution channel Trend Key factor success Decision: Fashion based company always need to deal with present customer and also they want to cope the new customer or competitor customer. to increase the customer growth rate, company should make perfect strategy for staying core customer and changing fashion image of organisation. Innovators of fashion products: Innovators are early users of fashion products. The adoption process begins with a tiny numbers of visionary, imaginative innovations. They are the first individual to adopt an innovation. Innovators are:  [20]   Willing to take risk Youngest in age Have the highest social status Have great financial lucidity Social Closest contact to scientific sources More cosmopolitan More self confident Better educated More active outside of their community, etc. Early users of fashion products: Early users are the second fastest category of individuals who adopt fashion products. Early users are: Younger in age Higher social class or status Well educated Socially forward than late adopters Reliant on group norms and values than innovators. More likely to be opinion leaders because of their close affiliation groups. Country of Origin: Country of origin is the country of manufacture, production or growth where products comes from.  [21]   Role of COO effect in fashion design: Differentiating products from the competitors  [22]   Impact on consumers quality perceptions of products: brand image, brand personality, brand associations, communication messages influence the perception of customers about the quality of a brand.  [23]   Preference for and willingness to buy products Effect of affinity and animosity toward the country of origin: country associations do lead to customer bias. Such bias is based on the image of the country in customers minds. Economy, technology, wealth index, regulatory mechanisms, government, business history of any country makes up the image of a country on the customers mind. Consumers product evaluations and choice: The very reason a company indulges in branding is to assist customers in making purchase decisions by providing cues on quality, credibility and value about a product. Effect of country-of-association Consumers state of familiarity about the product: As the COO information is available, consumers will view it as relevant information and deliberately use it in their evaluation of products. Whether fashion clothing is considered as luxury good to the consumers Exert its influence on product judgment.  [24]   Role of Country of Origin (COO) in outsourced manufacturing: Decrease in production costs  [25]   Flexibility Technological advantages Use of advanced skills Global competition Reference group theory: A reference group is group of people (or even one person) which provides a point of comparison or reference for the consumer in the formation of values and attitudes, which in turn affect buying behaviour.  [26]   Reference-group theory asserts that peoples self-evaluations are determined not only by their objective position but also by their standing relative to specific persons with whom they compare. Because an individuals self-evaluations can rise or fall depending on which group he looks to when making comparative judgments, specifying the conditions under which people select one or another comparative reference-group would appear to be vital to a more complete elaboration of reference-group theory.  [27]   Influences of reference group theory on the possession and brand of fashion goods: Reference group influence has been treated as a multinational construct based on the assumption that influence can occur for different motivational reasons. The two types of social influence systems are: Normative social influence: it is the desire to confirm to the expectations of another person or group.  [28]   Informational social influence: it is an influence to accept information obtained from another as evidence about reality.  [29]   Influences of reference group theory are: Influence on marketing studies Influence on the attitudes of those individuals who apply it as a reference point for evaluating their own fashion.  [30]   Influence on consumers evaluation, aspirations, or behavior  [31]   Influence on product selection, brand evaluation and choice, brand loyalty, and perceptions of product quality. Reference groups can be critical source of brand meaning. Consumers use reference group as a source of information for adopting fashion. Consumers may form self brand connections to the brands used by reference groups to which they belong. Consumer may avoid associations derived from groups to which reference groups do not belong. Task 4 Problem statement: Based on where Freeway Fashions are positioned in the market, what forms of market research would you recommend they use in order to stay up to date with cutting edge fashion trends? How you would derive your customer sample frame(s) and what might they be asked? How would you deal with trade and retail opinion? What forms of additional non customer research would you recommend to the company? Should Delphi method type research techniques be consider? Research method for freeway fashion Ltd: Freeway fashion ltd was born in September 2007.freeway fashion designed and manufactured David Holloways designs for sale at a range of specialist high and retail outlets and also created designs for mid market outlets on a commission basis. The economic regression began to affect the fashion industry and Davids second year was no lucrative as first years. The two reasons for declined the profit are people were more careful in their purchase and Davids design was attracting only a different types of people. From the above evaluation of positioned market of Freeway Fashion ltd, I have to recommend following research method for this fashion company to stay up to date with cutting edge fashion trends. Consumer researchers today use two different types of research methodology: Quantitative research: It is descriptive in nature and is used to by researchers to understand the effects of various promotional inputs on the consumer, thus enabling researchers to predict the consumer behaviour.  [32]  Freeway fashion ltd enable to predict the consumer demand by using quantitative research method. This method consists of: experiments, survey techniques, and observation Qualitative method: Qualitative research method includes depth interview, focus group, metaphor analysis, collage research and projective techniques. Freeway fashion ltd administer this techniques by highly trained interviewer. This method helps to find out new ideas, develop promotional strategy.  [34]   The major steps in the consumer market research include  [35]   Define the objectives of research: it is first and difficult step for Freeway Fashion ltd to carefully design the objective. Objectives help to define the type and level of information needed.  [36]   To segment the market for Freeway Fashion ltd offerings To assess consumers attitude towards this organisation services and quality Collecting secondary data: secondary data includes both external and internal data. It can be obtained cheaply. Freeway fashion ltd should collect the data from buyer and also from external fashion consumer market. The sources of secondary data: Internal sources Governmental sources Periodicals, magazines, books Commercial data Designing primary research: if Freeway fashion ltd needs descriptive information then it undertakes quantitative method. If this organisation needs new ideas such as positioning or repositioning of fashion clothing then it undertakes qualitative research.  [